Project Firestorm:

Studying Health Impacts of Wildland-Urban Interface Fires in Los Angeles

The toxic aftermath of wildfires

In January 2025, the Palisades and Eaton firestorms burned over 50,000 acres, destroyed 16,000 homes and structures, and displaced over 150,000 residents of Los Angeles County.

These devastating Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) fires released a complex mix of toxic pollutants, including fine particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and persistent organic pollutants (POPs), as well as toxic metals such as lead, arsenic, mercury, chromium and cadmium.

How do toxics from wildfire smoke affect our health?

Even though WUI fires are happening more often, and are more severe, the long-term health effects of toxic WUI exposures from these disasters are not well understood.

Immediate concerns include effects on respiratory and cardiovascular health, but there is also growing evidence that people may experience mental health challenges – such as PTSD, anxiety, and depression – that continue long after the event.

Wildfire perimeters for January 2025 were available from the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (https://data.ca.gov/dataset/?q=fire+perimeter, downloaded January 27, 2025). Predicted building damage layers were available from Microsoft’s AI For Good Lab (Eaton: https://data.humdata.org/dataset/eaton-fire-altadena-damage-assessment-from-1-10; Palisades: https://data.humdata.org/dataset/palisades-fire-building-damage-assessment, downloaded March 13, 2025). Damage assessment AI models were used on images provided by Maxar and Planet. Damage percentage is based on the fraction of the building footprint’s area that is classified as damaged by the model using imagery captured January 10th (Eaton and Palisades) and 11th (Eaton). Data were managed, analyzed and mapped in ArcPro 3.1 by the USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center’s Population Research Core.

Help us learn more and inform policies

We seek additional funding to learn more about wildfire smoke and our health. This research will inform local and national policies on wildfire disaster response and public health preparedness while ensuring that communities affected by WUI fires receive the necessary information and resources for long-term recovery.

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